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Reports

We study how consumers interact with financial products and services to help identify potential problems in the marketplace and achieve better outcomes for all. Review our reports and analyses to help inform your decisions, policies, and practices. And, see reports that we periodically prepare about the CFPB.

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Office of Research Publication
Published

Consumer Use of Buy Now, Pay Later and Other Unsecured Debt

Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) loans have grown rapidly in the United States (U.S.) since 2019. This study overcomes this data gap by using a matched sample of BNPL applications and originations for pay-in-four loans from six large BNPL firms (Affirm, Afterpay, Klarna, PayPal, Sezzle, and Zip) with their corresponding de-identified credit records.
Office of Research Publication
Published

Flood Risk and the U.S. Mortgage Market

This report looks at flood risk in the southeast and central southwest census regions of the United States, as measured by flood risk data from both the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the First Street Foundation and merge with data from the 2018-2022 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act.
Office of Research Publication
Published

Matched-Pair Testing in Small Business Lending Markets

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) and the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) conducted matched-pair testing to test for and detect differential treatment of fictitious well-qualified Black and white small business owners seeking credit at large bank lenders in two counties.
Data point
Published

Recent Changes in Medical Collections on Consumer Credit Records

Medical collections on consumer credit reports have been an area of focus for CFPB research in recent years. In addition to studying trends in medical debt as a whole, CFPB reports have documented the burden of medical debt on older Americans, and the incidence of medical collections in rural counties in Appalachia and the Deep South region.