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How do I avoid scams and fraud after a disaster?

To avoid scams ask questions, verify the identity of anyone trying to sell you something or asking for money, and make sure written contracts match the verbal promises that were made.

Scammers often try to take advantage of you during a crisis—when you may be vulnerable and looking for help. Particularly when you don’t have phone or Internet service to do research. Be on the lookout for scams like fake government employees, bogus charities, dishonest contractors, and others trying to take advantage of your situation. Recognizing the tricks that scammers use can help you spot scams more easily.

How to spot scammers

Ask questions 

If the person trying to sell you a product or service can’t or won’t answer your questions, or if the paperwork doesn’t match the promises made to you, these are warning signs.

Example questions:

  • Can I see your identification and contractor’s license?
  • Can you provide three recent recommendations from the area?
  • How long have you been in business? 

Confirm identities 

Con artists may pose as government employees, insurance adjusters, law enforcement officials, bank employees, or whoever it takes to get to your money. Scammers can easily fake titles and uniforms. 

  • Always ask for identification, and call the organization the person claims to work for to confirm if the person does work there.
  • Never give personal information to anyone you don’t know. 
  • Remember that government employees will never ask you for financial information such as your bank account number.

How to avoid scams after a disaster

Don’t make a decision under pressure 

After a disaster, contractors as well as others, will arrive to help with home repair, debris removal, and other disaster-related assistance. Beware of contractors going door to door and people offering unsolicited “opportunities” or high-pressure tactics to force you to make a snap decision. Take your time and never sign anything without fully reading and understanding it first. 

Don’t fall for people charging too much in times of crisis (price gouging) 

This is when people offer “limited time only” deals or say the price of materials will rise if you don’t act now.  These are also called “scarcity tactics.” Be suspicious of anyone offering to move you to the front of the line. 

If you believe you have been a victim of price gouging, contact your state attorney general .

Stay up-to-date on possible scams happening in your area

After major disasters the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) creates “Rumor Control” pages to dispel misinformation and help you protect yourself against scams. Find your local rumor control page on FEMA’s website by searching the name of the disaster you were in and ‘rumors.’ For an example, check out their Hurricane Maria and Hurricane Harvey pages. Your state attorney general may also have specific information about scams and what to do about them for your state.

Read more information from FEMA about spotting and reporting fraud .

Protect yourself against identity theft 

After a disaster you may be asked to give people sensitive information, like your Social Security number. Scammers can see this as an opportunity to steal your identity. Even if you’re careful to avoid scams, you may want to protect your identity, bank account, and credit record. A federal law now allows you to freeze and unfreeze your credit record for free at the three nationwide credit reporting companies-Equifax , TransUnion , and Experian , -no matter what state you live in. Freezing your credit restricts access to your credit file for potential new creditors. This makes it harder for identity thieves to open new accounts in your name. 

You can also put a fraud alert on your credit record for one year. A fraud alert means lenders should call you to verify your identity before extending new credit, like opening up a new credit card, or giving out a loan.

If you’re unsure about any offer you receive, contractor you encounter, or action you’re asked to take, ask a trusted relative, friend, or an attorney for a second opinion before acting.

Watch out for these common disaster scams

Fake charities

After disasters, charitable giving spikes. Scammers may create fake charities to scam people who want to help. Sometimes these scams use names that are similar to organizations you may be familiar with to get you to make a “donation.” The Federal Trade Commission has more information about donating wisely and charity scams .

People pretending to be FEMA

All FEMA representatives, including home inspectors, have a laminated photo ID. Don’t trust someone with just a FEMA jacket or shirt and no ID. Call FEMA at (800) 621-3362 if you’re unsure if someone is truly a FEMA representative. No FEMA, federal, or state workers will ask for or accept money. FEMA doesn’t charge for home inspections, disaster assistance, or help filling out applications. If you have any doubt that a person is a legitimate FEMA worker, don’t give them any personal information.

Mortgage repayment/modification scams

After a disaster, scammers may offer homeowners assistance with negotiating or delaying their mortgage payments. Generally, lenders or mortgage servicers will work with you, the homeowner, after a natural disaster and offer forbearance or other hardship options to help you avoid going into default or ending up in foreclosure. Your options should ALWAYS be discussed directly with your mortgage servicer. Contact your mortgage servicer for payment assistance and never pay anyone to negotiate with your servicer on your behalf. If you need help working with your servicer you may want to contact a housing counselor or a lawyer for assistance.

Robocalls

You may receive a recorded call promising government grants, flood insurance, or help with applications for assistance. Don’t respond or provide personal information or payment to these callers. They may be scams trying to get your credit card or checking account information. Go to FEMA’s disaster assistance site for information on what help is really available.

How to/Where to report a scam

  • If you or someone you know has been a victim of a scam or fraud, here’s who you can contact:
    Make a complaint to your local police or law enforcement agency and your state attorney general
  • Report the fraud or scam to the Federal Trade Commission
  • The National Center for Disaster Fraud will investigate and prosecute fraud as well as advocate for disaster victims. You can call the Disaster Fraud Hotline at (866) 720-5721

For more information on frauds and scams visit the Bureau’s Frauds and Scams page.